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Archimedes
credit: Jusepe de Ribera, 1630
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Long after those physics definitions have faded from memory, we
can often recall stories associated with the scientists behind an
idea. For example, many people who can no longer state
Archimedes' Principle formally, (that the ratio of a body's weight
to that of the displaced water is called its specific gravity) still
remember that Archimedes ran down the street almost naked shouting
in Greek, "Eureka! Eureka!", or "I've found it! I've
found it!"
The fuss began when King Heiron grew suspicious that his new
crown was not solid gold, but gold alloyed with a cheaper
metal. Short of melting it down, Archimedes knew of no quick
way to determine the crown's composition. But as he stepped
into his bath, which happened to be full to the brim, he had a
brainstorm that allegedly turned him into the first scientific
streaker.
He compared the volume of water displaced by a lump of gold
weighing exactly the same as the crown, with the volume of water
displaced by the crown itself. Archimedes was able to show
that the King had indeed been cheated because the alloyed crown
displaced more water than the pure lump of gold. The dishonest
jeweller was never heard from again.
So next time you forget the details or definition, remember
there's always a person, and a moment of inspiration behind a great
idea.
MOVING BEYOND MATTER
by Debbie Hughes
It's true that we tend to remember the stories of discovery
associated with the scientist. For example, think of Galileo
dropping objects from the Leaning Tower of Pisa to determine the
relationship between weight and speed (a tale which may be more
fictional than factual. After all, he used the comparison
between cannon balls and musket balls!) Or in a similar vein,
how about Newton's first insight into the Law of Universal
Gravitation while watching an apple fall. Or Benjamin Franklin
flying his kites during a thunderstorm. Pavlov working with
his salivating dogs.
These stories tend to stick in our minds because we can make a
mental picture of them. We don't make visual images of their
laws and discoveries. However, by using the mental pictures we
can usually describe what the laws are about.
This use of mental pictures seems to be the principle that
grandparents all over the world tap into when they relate truths via
stories which illustrate them. Young children love to hear
stories - repeatedly. Story-telling is much more effective
teaching tool than we usually acknowledge, because the pictures are
there to recapture at will.
As adults, we sometimes feel that we have out-grown the
story. "Just give me the facts," we say.
Stories take time in the telling. Facts are speedily
delivered. But perhaps, after all, there is a place for story
in our grown-up, sophisticated world.
Societies use cultural stories to give shape to their identity,
values and character. Consider, for instance, the epic poems
of Homer which shaped and reflected ancient Greek values.
Likewise, religions also use stories. Sometimes the stories
are historical accounts, such as the Jews recorded and preserved in
their holy scripture. At other times, religions use stories in
the form of parables or allegories to teach principles. Jesus
often conveyed truth through these genres.
Though stories may be entertaining and memorable, remember to
look behind the story to see what values it supports and what claims
it makes. Sometimes they are easy to identify, other times
more difficult, but all the time worth the effort.
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